Python String Functions Part 2

Hey! Everyone I hope y’all are doing great in your life. so today we will be further continuing to discuss more built-in Python String Functions.

If you haven’t read the first part do check it out first over here: Python String Functions

Index()

The index() function/method finds the first occurrence of the specified value. It raises an exception if the value is not found. It’s almost the same as the find() method, the only difference is that the find() method returns -1 if the value is not found.

Syntax:

string.index(value, start, end)

Value is the value to search for.

Start is used to tell where to start the search from. The default is zero.

End is used to tell where to end the search. The default is the end of the string.

Example:

Where in the text is the first occurrence of the letter “e”?

txt = "Hello, welcome to my world."

x = txt.index("e")

print(x)

Result: 1

OR

Where in the text is the first occurrence of the letter “e” when you only search between positions 5 and 10?

txt = "Hello, welcome to my world."

x = txt.index("e", 5, 10)

print(x)

Result: 8

OR

If the value is not found, the find() method returns -1, but the index() method will raise an exception.

txt = "Hello, welcome to my world."

print(txt.find("q"))
print(txt.index("q"))


Result:

-1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./prog.py", line 4, in <module>
ValueError: substring not found

isalnum()

The isalnum() method returns True if all the characters are alphanumeric, meaning alphabet letter (a-z) and numbers (0-9).

characters that are not alphanumeric: (space)!#%&? etc.

Example:

txt = "Company 12"

x = txt.isalnum()

print(x)

Result: False

OR

txt = "Company12"

x = txt.isalnum()

print(x)

Result: True

isalpha()

The isalpha() method returns True if all the characters are alphabet letters (a-z).

Example:

txt = "CompanyX"

x = txt.isalpha()

print(x)

Result: True

OR

txt = "Company7"

x = txt.isalpha()

print(x)

Result: False

Also Read: Web Scrapping with Python

isdecimal()

The isdecimal() method returns True if all the characters are decimals (0-9). This method is used on Unicode objects.

txt = "\u0033" #unicode for 3

x = txt.isdecimal()

print(x)

Result: True

OR

a = "\u0030" #unicode for 0
b = "\u0047" #unicode for G
print(a.isdecimal())
print(b.isdecimal())

Result: True
        False

isdigit()

The isdigit() method returns True if all the characters are digits, otherwise False. Exponents, like ², are also considered to be a digit.

Example:

txt = "50800"

x = txt.isdigit()

print(x)

Result: True

OR

a = "\u0030" #unicode for 0
b = "\u00B2" #unicode for ²

print(a.isdigit())
print(b.isdigit())

Result: True
        True

isidentifier()

The isidentifier() method returns True if the string is a valid identifier, otherwise False.

A string is considered a valid identifier if it only contains alphanumeric letters (a-z) and (0-9), or underscores (_). A valid identifier cannot start with a number, or contain any spaces.

Example:

txt = "Demo"

x = txt.isidentifier()

print(x)

Result: True

OR

a = "MyFolder"
b = "Demo002"
c = "2bring"
d = "my demo"

print(a.isidentifier())
print(b.isidentifier())
print(c.isidentifier())
print(d.isidentifier())

Result: True
        True
        False
        False

islower()

The islower() method returns True if all the characters are in lower case, otherwise False. Numbers, symbols, and spaces are not checked, only alphabet characters.

Example:

txt = "hello world!"

x = txt.islower()

print(x)

Result: True

OR

a = "Hello world!"
b = "hello 123"
c = "mynameisPeter"

print(a.islower())
print(b.islower())
print(c.islower())


Result: False
        True
        False

isnumeric()

The isnumeric() method returns True if all the characters are numeric (0-9), otherwise False.

Exponents, like ² and ¾, are also considered to be numeric values.

Example:

txt = "565543"

x = txt.isnumeric()

print(x)

Result: True

OR

a = "\u0030" #unicode for 0
b = "\u00B2" #unicode for ²
c = "10km2"

print(a.isnumeric())
print(b.isnumeric())
print(c.isnumeric())


Result: True
        True
        False

isprintable()

The isprintable() method returns True if all the characters are printable, otherwise False.

Examples of none printable characters can be carriage return and line feed.

Example:

txt = "Hello! Are you #1?"

x = txt.isprintable()

print(x)

Result:True

OR

txt = "Hello!\nAre you #1?"

x = txt.isprintable()

print(x)

Result: False

isspace()

The isspace() method returns True if all the characters in a string are whitespaces, otherwise False.

Example:

txt = "      "

x = txt.isspace()

print(x)

Result: True

OR

txt = " s "

x = txt.isspace()

print(x)

Result: False

Also Read: Add Multiple Magnet Links in Transmission Using Python

istitle()

The istitle() method returns True if all words in a text start with an upper case letter, AND the rest of the word is lower case letters, otherwise False.

Symbols and numbers are ignored.

Example:

txt = "Hello, And Welcome To My World!"

x = txt.istitle()

print(x)

Result: True

OR

a = "HELLO, AND WELCOME TO MY WORLD"
b = "Hello"
c = "22 Names"
d = "This Is %'!?"

print(a.istitle())
print(b.istitle())
print(c.istitle())
print(d.istitle())

Result: False
        True
        True
        True

isuper()

The isupper() method returns True if all the characters are in upper case, otherwise False.

Numbers, symbols and spaces are not checked, only alphabet characters.

Example:

txt = "THIS IS NOW!"

x = txt.isupper()

print(x)

Result: True

OR

a = "Hello World!"
b = "hello 123"
c = "MY NAME IS PETER"

print(a.isupper())
print(b.isupper())
print(c.isupper())

Result: False
        False
        True

join()

The join() method takes all items in an iterable and joins them into one string.

A string must be specified as the separator.

Note: When using a dictionary as an iterable, the returned values are the keys, not the values.

Syntax:

string.join(iterable)

iterable: Any iterable object where all the returned values are strings

Example:

myTuple = ("John", "Peter", "Vicky")
x = "#".join(myTuple)
print(x)

Result: John#Peter#Vicky

OR

myDict = {"name": "John", "country": "Norway"}
mySeparator = "TEST"
x = mySeparator.join(myDict)
print(x)

Result: nameTESTcountry

ljust()

The ljust() method will left align the string, using a specified character (space is default) as the fill character.

Syntax:

string.ljust(length, character)

Length required for the length of the returned string.

Character to fill the missing space (to the right of the string). Default is ” ” (space).

Example:

txt = "apple"

x = txt.ljust(20)

print(x, "is my favorite fruit.")

Result: apple                is my favorite fruit.

OR

Using the letter “O” as the padding character

txt = "banana"

x = txt.ljust(20, "O")

print(x)

Result: bananaOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

lower()

The lower() method returns a string where all characters are lower case.

Symbols and Numbers are ignored.

Example:

txt = "Hello my FRIENDS"

x = txt.lower()

print(x)

Result:hello my friends

lstrip

The lstrip() method removes any leading characters (space is the default leading character to remove).

Syntax

string.lstrip(characters)

Characters: A set of characters to remove as leading characters

Example:

txt = " banana "

x = txt.lstrip()

print("of all fruits", x, "is my favorite")

Result: of all fruits banana     is my favorite

OR

txt = ",,,,,ssaaww.....banana"

x = txt.lstrip(",.asw")

print(x)

Result: banana

partition()

The partition() method searches for a specified string, and splits the string into a tuple containing three elements.

The first element contains the part before the specified string.

The second element contains the specified string.

The third element contains the part after the string.

txt = "I could eat bananas all day"

x = txt.partition("bananas")

print(x)

Result: ('I could eat ', 'bananas', ' all day')

OR

If the specified value is not found, the partition() method returns a tuple containing: 1 – the whole string, 2 – an empty string, 3 – an empty string:

txt = "I could eat bananas all day"

x = txt.partition("apples")

print(x)

Result: ('I could eat bananas all day', '', '')

Also Read: How to Install Django

replace()

The replace() method replaces a specified phrase with another specified phrase.

Syntax:

string.replace(oldvalue, newvalue, count)

Oldvalue is required for the string to search for.

Newvalue is required for the string to replace the old value.

Count is a number specifying how many occurrences of the old value you want to replace. Default is all occurrences.

Example:

txt = "I like bananas"

x = txt.replace("bananas", "apples")

print(x)

Result: I like apples

OR

txt = "one one was a race horse, two two was one too."

x = txt.replace("one", "three")

print(x)

Result: three three was a race horse, two two was three too."

OR

txt = "one one was a race horse, two two was one too."

x = txt.replace("one", "three", 2)

print(x)

Result: three three was a race horse, two two was one too."

rfind()

The rfind() method finds the last occurrence of the specified value.

The rfind() method returns -1 if the value is not found.

The rfind() method is almost the same as the rindex() method.

Syntax:

string.rfind(value, start, end)

Value: The value to search for

Start: Where to start the search. The default is 0.

End: Where to end the search. The default is to the end of the string.

Example:

txt = "Mi casa, su casa."

x = txt.rfind("casa")

print(x)

Result: 12

OR

txt = "Hello, welcome to my world."

x = txt.rfind("e")

print(x)

Result: 13

OR

txt = "Hello, welcome to my world."

x = txt.rfind("e", 5, 10)

print(x)

Result: 8

rindex()

The rindex() method finds the last occurrence of the specified value.

The rindex() method raises an exception if the value is not found.

The rindex() method is almost the same as the rfind() method.

Syntax:

string.rindex(value, start, end)

Value: The value to search for

Start: Where to start the search. The default is 0.

End: Where to end the search. The default is to the end of the string.

Example:

txt = "Mi casa, su casa."

x = txt.rindex("casa")

print(x)

Result: 12

OR

txt = "Hello, welcome to my world."

x = txt.rindex("e")

print(x)

Result: 13

OR

txt = "Hello, welcome to my world."

x = txt.rindex("e", 5, 10)

print(x)

Result: 8

OR

If the value is not found, the rfind() method returns -1, but the rindex() method will raise an exception:

txt = "Hello, welcome to my world."

print(txt.rfind("q"))
print(txt.rindex("q"))

Result: -1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "demo_ref_string_rfind_vs_rindex.py", line 4 in <module>
    print(txt.rindex("q"))
ValueError: substring not found

rjust()

The rjust() method will right-align the string, using a specified character (space is the default) as the fill character.

Syntax:

string.rjust(length, character)

Length required for the length of the returned string.

Character to fill the missing space (to the right of the string). Default is ” ” (space).

Example:

txt = "banana"

x = txt.rjust(20)

print(x, "is my favorite fruit.")

Result:               banana is my favorite fruit.

OR

txt = "banana"

x = txt.rjust(20, "O")

print(x)

Result: OOOOOOOOOOOOOObanana

rpartition

The rpartition() method searches for the last occurrence of a specified string, and splits the string into a tuple containing three elements.

The first element contains the part before the specified string.

The second element contains the specified string.

The third element contains the part after the string.

Syntax:

string.rpartition(value)

Value: The string to search for

Example:

Search for the last occurrence of the word “bananas”, and return a tuple with three elements:

1 – everything before the “match”
2 – the “match”
3 – everything after the “match”

txt = "I could eat bananas all day, bananas are my favorite fruit"

x = txt.rpartition("bananas")

print(x)

Result: ('I could eat bananas all day, ', 'bananas', ' are my favorite fruit')

OR

If the specified value is not found, the rpartition() method returns a tuple containing: 1 – the whole string, 2 – an empty string, 3 – an empty string:

txt = "I could eat bananas all day, bananas are my favorite fruit"

x = txt.rpartition("apples")

print(x)

Result: ('I could eat bananas all day, bananas are my favorite fruit', '', '')

Also Read: Shell Scripting- Variables

rsplit()

The rsplit() method splits a string into a list, starting from the right.

If no “max” is specified, this method will return the same as the split() method.

Syntax:

string.rsplit(separator, maxsplit)

Separator: It’s optional. Specifies the separator to use when splitting the string. By default any whitespace is a separator.

Maxsplit: It’s optional. Specifies how many splits to do. Default value is -1, which is “all occurrences”.

Example:

txt = "apple, banana, cherry"

x = txt.rsplit(", ")

print(x)


Result: ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

OR

txt = "apple, banana, cherry"

# setting the maxsplit parameter to 1, will return a list with 2 elements!
x = txt.rsplit(", ", 1)

print(x)

Result: ['apple, banana', 'cherry']

rstrip()

The rstrip() method removes any trailing characters (characters at the end a string), space is the default trailing character to remove.

Syntax:

txt = " banana "

x = txt.rstrip()

print("of all fruits", x, "is my favorite")

Result: of all fruits     banana is my favorite

txt = "banana,,,,,ssqqqww....."

x = txt.rstrip(",.qsw")

print(x)

Result: banana

The split() method splits a string into a list.

You can specify the separator, default separator is any whitespace.

txt = "welcome to the jungle"​

x = txt.split()

​print(x)​

Result: ['welcome', 'to', 'the', 'jungle']

txt = "hello, my name is Peter, I am 26 years old"

x = txt.split(", ")

print(x)

Result: ['hello', 'my name is Peter', 'I am 26 years old']

txt = "apple#banana#cherry#orange"

x = txt.split("#")

print(x)

Result: ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange']

txt = "apple#banana#cherry#orange"

# setting the maxsplit parameter to 1, will return a list with 2 elements!
x = txt.split("#", 1)

print(x)

Result: ['apple', 'banana#cherry#orange']

txt = "Thank you for the music\nWelcome to the jungle"

x = txt.splitlines()

print(x)

Result: ['Thank you for the music', 'Welcome to the jungle']

txt = "Thank you for the music\nWelcome to the jungle"

x = txt.splitlines(True)

print(x)

Result: ['Thank you for the music\n', 'Welcome to the jungle']

txt = "Hello, welcome to my world."

x = txt.startswith("Hello")

print(x)

Result: True

txt = "Hello, welcome to my world."

x = txt.startswith("wel", 7, 20)

print(x)

Result: True

Also Read: Introduction to Wazuh Open Source SIEM

txt = " banana "

x = txt.strip()

print("of all fruits", x, "is my favorite")

Result: of all fruits banana is my favorite

txt = ",,,,,rrttgg.....banana....rrr"

x = txt.strip(",.grt")

print(x)

Result: banana

txt = "Hello My Name Is PETER"

x = txt.swapcase()

print(x)

Result: hELLO mY nAME iS peter

txt = "Welcome to my world"

x = txt.title()

print(x)

Result: Welcome To My World

txt = "hello b2b2b2 and 3g3g3g"

x = txt.title()

print(x)

Result: Hello B2B2B2 And 3G3G3G

txt = "Welcome to my 2nd world"

x = txt.title()

print(x)

Result: Welcome To My 2Nd World

txt = "Hello my friends"

x = txt.upper()

print(x)

Result: HELLO MY FRIENDS

txt = "50"

x = txt.zfill(10)

print(x)

Result:0000000050

a = "hello"
b = "welcome to the jungle"
c = "10.000"

print(a.zfill(10))
print(b.zfill(10))
print(c.zfill(10))

Result: 00000hello
welcome to the jungle
000010.000

I hope you find this article helpful. If you have any question use the comment section and feel free to leave some suggestions too.